Shifting sands: on the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement

Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye will struggle to create credible deterrentPakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye will struggle to create credible deterrent https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/shifting-sands-on-the-makkah-joint-defence-agreement/article71325024.ece 2026-08-09T17:11:56.000Z Editorial {}